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Timeline
Seven
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HISTORY, POLITICS,
RELIGION
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1916 Easter Rebellion in Ireland attempts to gain independence
from Britain, but fails
1917 Bolshevik Revolution in Russia, under Lenin, inaugurates
first communist state
1917 British government, in control of much of the Middle East
following World War I, promulgates the Balfour Declaration
supporting the establishment of a Jewish state in Palestine
1919 Foundation or the League of Nations, an international
congress to promote peace, forerunner of the modern United
Nations
1920 Women enfranchised in the United States; 1928, in
England; 1945, in France
1920 With the passage of the Home Rule Bill, the British concede
autonomy to southern Ireland; Mohandas Gandhi initiates peaceful
mass protests (satyagraba, or passive resistance) in India
against British rule
1922 Fascists under Benito Mussolini seize power in Italy
1926-53 Joseph Stalin controls Soviet Union; his government is a
rigid totalitarian state marked by purges, pogroms, and radical
collectivization of farms and industries
1929 Stock-market crash in United States inaugurates the Great
Depression, worldwide economic crisis, during the 1930s
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1931-41 Japanese wage undeclared war on China, annexing
Manchuria
1933 In United States: the New Deal, a program of government
spending to end the Depression; in Germany: Adolf Hitler's
National Socialist (Nazi) Party seizes power
1934-35 Long March: 90,000 communist rebels led by Mao Tse-tung
flee Chiang Kai-shek across China; less than half survive
1936-39 Spanish Civil War, won by Fascists
1938 Germany annexes Austria; 1939, occupies Czechoslovakia
1939-45 World War II: 1939, Germany invades Poland; 1940,
Belgium and France; Italy enters war as ally of Germany, 1941,
Germany attacks Russia. Japan, allied with Germany, bombs
American fleet at Pearl Harbor; United States enters war.
Holocaust in Europe: Nazis systematically exterminate over 6
million lews, communists, homosexuals, gypsies, and others.
1945, defeat of Germans and Japanese by Allies
1939-43 Rampant persecution of Orthodox church in Soviet Union
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1945 United Nations founded as an international advisory and
peacekeeping council; Yalta Conference: British prime minister
Winston Churchill, American president Franklin D. Roosevelt, and
Marshal Joseph Stalin of the Soviet Union plan division of
Germany into zones of occupation and Europe into spheres of
influence
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Timeline
Seven
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ART, MUSIC,
LITERATURE,
PHILOSOPHY,
SCIENCE,
TECHNOLOGY
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Charlie Chaplin
(1889-1977), Sir Charles Spencer Chaplin, was an English comedic
actor and film director. Chaplin became one of the most famous
actors as well as a notable filmmaker, composer and musician in
the early to mid Classical Hollywood era of American cinema.
1915 Birth-control movement, led by
Margaret Sanger in the
United States, advocates family planning
1913-28
PROUST MARCEL
(1871-1922),
French critic and novelist, writes
Remembrance of Things Past
1919 The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari, innovative German
Expressionist silent film
1920s American free-verse and modernist poets:
FROST ROBERT
(1874-1963),
"Poems"
POUND
EZRA (1885-1972),
ELIOT T. S.
(1888-1965),
"The Waste
Land"
1923 Martin Buber, German Jewish theologian, writes
I and Thou
1926
KAFKA FRANZ (1883 -1924), The Castle;
HEMINGWAY ERNEST
(1899-1961)
Ernest Hemingway's The Sim Also
Rises; 1927
WOOLF VIRGINIA
(1882-1941)
Virginia Woolf's To the Lighthouse;
Abel Gance makes the film Napoleon; 1928,
LAWRENCE D. H.
(1885-1930)
D. II. Lawrence's Lady Ckatterh's
Lover; 1929,
FAULKNER
WILLIAM
(1897-1962)
William Faulkner's The Sound and the bury
1920 Radio programs broadcast, Pittsburgh
1922 Howard Carter
discovers the tomb of
Tutankhamen in Egypt
1925-26 Werner Heisenberg and Erwin Schrodinger's
theories of quantum mechanics
1926 Sound motion pictures and television demonstrated
1927 Charles Lindbergh flies an aircraft solo across the
Atlantic
1929 Alexander Fleming discovers penicillin
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Russian modernist composers:
Rachmaninov
(1873-1943),
Stravinsky (1882-1971),
Prokofiev (1891-1953),
Shostakovich
(1906 -1975)
1932 Aldous Huxley's Brave New World describes a pseudo-utopian
future
1930s Gertrude Stein explores the forms and structure of
language;
JOYCE JAMES
(1882—1941)
1939 James Joyce publishes Finnegans Wake, further
experimenting with language
1931 Radio waves from space detected by the American electrical
engineer
Karl Jansky: beginning of radio astronomy, using radio
waves to trace objects;
с. 1935-36, radar discovered by the
Scottish physicist Robert Watson-Watt, and others
1935 C. F. Richter, American, devises scale for measuring
earthquakes
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1941 Charlie Chaplin makes the film
The Great Dictator
CAMUS ALBERT
(1913-1960)
1942 Albert Camus publishes The Stranger
SARTRE
JEAN-PAUL
(1905-1980)
1943 Jean-Paul Sartre writes Being and Nothingness, statement of
Existentialism
ART OF THE 20TH
CENTURY
Expressionism
- 1905
Edvard Munch
(1863-1944)
Amedeo Modigliani
(1884 - 1920)
Cubism - 1907
Pablo Picasso
(1881-1973)
Futurism - 1909
Dadaism - 1916
The Bauhaus school
-
1919
Art Deco
- 1920
Pin-Up Art
Diego Rivera
(1886-1957)
Marc Chagall
(1887 - 1985)
Surrealism
- 1924
BRETON
ANDRE
(1896-1966)
Manifesto of
Surrealism,
1924
Salvador Dali
(1910 - 1928)
Frida Kahlo
(1907-1954)
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