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Baroque and Rococo
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Baroque and Rococo
Art Map
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Inigo Jones
Christopher Wren
Antonio Verrio
James Thornhill
collection:
Sebastien Bourdon
see
EXPLORATION:
The Art of the Portrait

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The City of London with St Paul's Cathedral, c 1860.
Guildhall Library, London
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The 17th Century in England and Scandinavia
The English preference for classical architecture was confirmed by
the success of Inigo Jones (1573-1652), a versatile architect
inspired by the theories and buildings of Andrea Palladio, whose work he
first encountered during his visits to Italy (1597-1603 and 1613-14).
With the Stuart monarchs, James I (1603-25) and Charles I (1625-49), as
his patrons, Jones designed the Queen's House at Greenwich (begun 1616);
the Banqueting Hall for the Palace of Whitehall (1619-22. decorated by
Rubens in 1634 to celebrate the reign of James I); and Covent Garden (c.
1630). Christopher Wren (1632-1723), a strict classicist, was the
leading architect during the second half of the century and was
responsible for the many City churches, including St Paul's Cathedral,
which was rebuilt after the Great Fire of London in 1666 (estimated to
have destroyed 13,200 houses). English painting started to emerge from
isolation from the reign of James I onwards with the arrival of foreign
artists, among them the Flemish painters Paul van Somer (1577-1621) and
Daniel Mytens (1590-1656). Charles I was a great collector and
passionate about art: Rubens
was invited to London, as were van
Dyck, who settled in the capital in 1632, and
Orazio Gentileschi, a
follower of Caravaggio,
who arrived from Pisa in 1626. Towards the end of the century,
large-scale mural decorations were first made fashionable by Antonio Verrio (c. 1639-1707), whose classicism influenced
James Thornhill
(1675-1734), the artist responsible for the decorative paintings inside
the dome of St Paul's Cathedral and the Painted Hall at Greenwich
Hospital. In Scandinavia, there was intense architectural activity in
Stockholm after Gustavus Adolphus (reigned 1611-32) made it his capital.
Early influences were mainly French and Dutch: one of the most notable
figures was Nicodemus Tessin the Elder (1615-81), who
designed the majestic Drottningholm Palace (begun 1662). The park was
laid out by his son Nicodemus II (1654-1728), who was also the architect
of the Royal Palace in Stockholm. The classical style was also used in
Denmark in the Rosenborg Palace commissioned by Christian IV, who during
his reign (1588-1648) promoted many major building projects.
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INIGO JONES
A great admirer of Palladio and Scamozzi, Inigo Jones (1573-1652)
was the foremost exponent of late-Renaissance classicism in England,
where his work left an indelible mark; it also influenced
18th-century architecture in the US. His most successful projects
included country houses (the Queen's House at Greenwich and Wilton
House), the Banqueting Hall in Whitehall, and the enlargement of St
Paul's Cathedral. He was famous in his day for his designs for the
royal court's masques. An interesting collection of his drawings has
survived, including designs for the Palace of Whitehall.
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The Queen's House, by Inigo Jones, at Greenwich, England, 1616 to
1635
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Banqueting House, by Inigo Jones, at Whitehall, London, England, 1619
to 1622
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Inigo Jones, Queen's House, London, England, 1616
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Sir
Christopher
Wren(b
East Knoyle, Wilts, 20 Oct 1632; d London, 25 Feb 1723).
English architect. The leader of the English Baroque school, he was the
creator of St Paul’s Cathedral, London, completed in his lifetime, and
remains the most famous architect in English history.
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Greenwich Hospital, by Sir Christopher Wren, at Greenwich,
England, 1696 to 1715
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Greenwich Hospital, by Sir Christopher Wren, at Greenwich,
England, 1696 to 1715
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Saint Paul's Cathedral, by Sir Christopher Wren, at London,
England, United Kingdom, 1675 to 1710
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St. James, by Sir Christopher Wren, at Picadilly, London, England,
1674 to 1687
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St. Stephen's Walbrook, by Sir Christopher Wren, at London, England,
UK, 1672 to 1687
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Antonio Verrio
(c. 1639-1707)
Sketch for a Ceiling Decoration:
An Assembly of the Gods
circa 1680-1700
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James Thornhill
(b ?Woolland, Dorset, 25 July 1675; d Stalbridge, Dorset,
13 May 1734).
English painter. The great English exponent of Baroque decorative
painting, he was the only one to compete successfully with foreigners
for the relatively few large-scale decorative commissions available in
England during the first quarter of the 18th century. His skill in this
field was remarkable, since his training was irregular and his trips
abroad (the Low Countries in 1711 and Paris in 1717) came only after he
had reached maturity as an artist.
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James Thornhill
Sir Isaac Newton
1709-12
Oil on canvas
Woolsthorpe Manor, Lincolnshire
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James Thornhill
The Apotheosis of Romulus
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James Thornhill
Allegorical group representing London, Justice, Prudence, Temperance
and Fortitude
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James Thornhill
Fortitude
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James Thornhill
Justice
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James Thornhill
Prudence
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James Thornhill
Temperance
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James Thornhill
Thetis Accepting the Shield of Achilles from Vulcan
c.1710
Tate Gallery, London
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James ThornhillTime, Truth and Justice
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___________________
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PAINTING IN SWEDEN
Queen Christina of Sweden (1632-54) was one of the greatest royal
collectors of the 17th century, and, before her conversion to
Catholicism and subsequent decision to live in Rome, she filled
Stockholm Castle with sculptures, paintings, coins, and gold- and
silverware. Many of the works had been looted from Prague when the
troops of Gustavus Adolphus ransacked the Imperial Palace there
during the Thirty Years' War. Among the many artists at her court were
portraitists such as the Dutchman David Beck and the French painter,
Sebastien Bourdon (1616-71). The German David Klocker
Ehrenstrahl (1628-98) was one of the most prolific artists during
the following reign of Charles XI. His formative years were spent in
Amsterdam, but he had also visited France. Italy, and England. A
skilled portraitist and landscape painter, he brought Italian and
French Baroque taste to Sweden. In the monumental allegorical works
commissioned from him by the Dowager Queen Edvige Eleonora, he
introduced the high Baroque style of
Pietro da Cortona and Charles
Le Bain to a northern audience.
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see collection:
Sebastien Bourdon
see
EXPLORATION:
The Art of the Portrait
"Masterpieces of European Portrait "
by N. Schneider
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