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Baroque and Rococo
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Baroque and Rococo
Art Map
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Francois Duquesnoy
Artus Quellinus the Elder
Lucas Fayd'herbe
Hendrick Frans Verbruggen
Franciscus Aguillon
Pieter Huyssens
Jesuit Willem van Hess
Guillaume
de Bruyn
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SCULPTURE IN FLANDERS
Many Flemish sculptors were extremely prolific, and some, like
Francois Duquesnoy, met with success abroad. The most gifted and
famous member of a family of artists, Duquesnoy worked in Rome from
1618 onwards and made his name as a brilliant interpreter of the
classical style. Later in the century, the influence of Rubens
extended to sculpture, as did that of Roman Baroque. This is evident
in the work of Artus Quellinus the Elder (1609-68), a sculptor of
note who was active in Amsterdam, where he was commissioned in 1650
to carve sculptures for the new town hall. Lucas Fayd'herbe
(1617-97), a pupil of Rubens, was a gifted ivory carver, architect,
and sculptor. Among his more famous works are ranked
the statues of the Apostles in the church of Saints Michael and
Gudula in Brussels, the funerary monument of Bishop Cruesen in
Malines Cathedral and, in the same city, the reliefs in Notre-Dame
de Hanswyck. The most outstanding of the Walloon sculptors was Jean Delcour (1627-1707), who studied with
Bernini in Rome before
returning to Liege in 1657. Many artists enriched the churches with
elaborately decorated altars, choirstalls, screens, confessionals,
and pulpits. One of the finest examples is the large wooden pulpit
carved by Hendrick Frans Verbruggen for Brussels Cathedral in 1699.
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Francois
Duquesnoy
Flemish sculptor, (b. 1597, Bruxelles, d. 1643, Livorno)
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Francois Duquesnoy
St Andrew 1629-33 Marble, height: 450 cm Basilica di San Pietro, Vatican |

Francois Duquesnoy
Bacchanalia of Putti 1630 Marble Galleria Spada, Rome |

Francois Duquesnoy
Victory of Sacred over Profane Love 1630 Marble Galleria Spada, Rome
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Francois Duquesnoy
Bacchus
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Francois Duquesnoy
Bacchus
1630
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 Francois Duquesnoy
Bust of Cardinal Guido Bentivoglio
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Artus
Quellinus the Elder(b
Antwerp, bapt 30 Aug 1609; d Antwerp, 23 Aug 1668).
Sculptor, son of Erasmus Quellinus. He is generally recognized as the
greatest Flemish sculptor of the Baroque. After training with his
father, in 1634 he travelled to Italy and worked in the studio of
François du Quesnoy in Rome. By 1639 he had returned to Antwerp,
where in 1640 he became a master in the Guild of St Luke and married
Margaretha Verdussen; in the same year he took over his father’s
studio. His pupils included Peeter Verbrugghen, his cousin Artus
Quellinus, Gabriel Grupello, Guillielmus Kerricx and probably Louis
Willemsens.
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Artus Quellinus
Luis de Benavides
1664
Marble, height: 98 cm
Koninklijk Museum voor Schone Kunsten, Antwerp
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Artus Quellinus
Pieta
1660s
Polychromed wood, height 147 cm
O.-L. Vrouwekathedraal, Antwerp
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Artus Quellinus
St Peter c. 1658 Terracotta, height 90 cm Musees Royaux des Beaux-Arts, Brussels
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Lucas
Faydherbe
(b Mechelen, 19 Jan 1617; d Mechelen, 31 Dec 1697).
Flemish sculptor and architect. His father, Hendrik Faydherbe
(1574–1629), a painter and sculptor, died when Lucas Faydherbe was
12, so it was his stepfather, Maximiliaan Labbé (d 1675), who
between 1631 and 1634 trained him as a sculptor. Faydherbe then
travelled to Antwerp to continue his training in the studio of Peter
Paul Rubens, under whose guidance he executed a number of
ivory-carvings, such as Leda and the Swan (Paris, Louvre).
Abandoning a planned trip to Italy, Faydherbe in 1640 married and
settled in Mechelen.
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Lucas Faydherbe
Christ in Chains
Marble
Church, Hanswijk
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 Lucas Faydherbe
Tomb of Archbishop Andre Cruesen
1660
Marble
Saint Rombout Cathedral, Mechelen
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 Lucas Faydherbe
Tomb of Archbishop Andre Cruesen (detail)
1660
Marble
Saint Rombout Cathedral, Mechelen
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 Lucas Faydherbe
Tomb of Archbishop Andre Cruesen (detail)
1660s
Marble
Saint Rombout Cathedral, Mechelen
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 Lucas Faydherbe
The Fall of Christ under the Cross
Marble
Church, Hanswijk
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 Lucas Faydherbe
Madonna and the Infant Jesus
Carrara marble, 68 x 36 x 40 cm
Rockox House, Antwerp
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Henricus-Franciscus
Verbrugghen
(b Antwerp, bapt 30 April 1654; d Antwerp,
bur 6 March 1724).
Sculptor, architect and book illustrator, son of Peeter
Verbrugghen. He began his career under the book illuminator Jan
Ruyselinck but became a master sculptor in 1682, the year he married
Susanna Verhulst. He became Dean of the Guild of St Luke in 1689.
Most of his work was done for churches. In 1684 he created two
limewood side altars (h. 5 m) for the chapel of Our Lady of Good
Will at Duffel. Here he introduced into the Netherlands a new motif,
derived from the work of Bernini and consisting of an oval painting
supported by two flying angels. His communion rails (l. 20 m; 1695)
for St Walburgis, Bruges, are a highpoint of Flemish Baroque
sculpture; the virtuoso handling of the marble makes them look as if
modelled from wax. His tactile sense is best shown in the figure of
St Augustine (h. 7 m; 1697), placed under the pulpit of St
Augustine’s, Antwerp, in which the grain of the wood is used to
suggest the wrinkles of the saint’s face and the texture of his
clothes. In the highly original oak pulpit he made for the Jesuits
of Leuven (1696–9; Brussels Cathedral), a narrative scene is
included under the body of the pulpit, which is united in a
curvilinear movement with the supporting beams and the sound-board.
In 1713 Henricus-Franciscus went bankrupt, but he continued his work
on the marble high altar (1713–19) of St Bavo, Ghent.
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Henricus-FranciscusVerbrugghen
Pulpit
1695-99
Gilded oak, height: 700 cm, width:350 cm
Cathedral of Ste Gudule, Brussels
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Henricus-FranciscusVerbrugghen
Adam and Eve Banished from Paradise (detail of the
pulpit)
1695-99
Gilded oak
Cathedral of Ste Gudule, Brussels
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Guillaume
de Bruyn
Grande Place, Brussel, fasade
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ARCHITECTURE IN FLANDERS
Following Antwerp's conversion from an outpost of Calvinism — the
Christian doctrines as interpreted by the French protestant reformer
and theologian John Calvin (1509-64) - into a bastion of the
Counter-Reformation, two new churches were built: the church of St
Augustine (begun 1615) by Wenzel Coebergher (c. 1560-1634) and the
Jesuit Church, now St Charles Borromeo (c. 1615-25), by the
architects Franciscus Aguillon (1567-1617) and Pieter Huyssens
(1577-1637), possibly with the help of Rubens. He also provided the
drawings for the statues on the facade as well as the entire
decoration of the ceiling (destroyed in a fire in 1718) and various
paintings. The espousal of an extravagant Baroque style by Flemish
architects is evident in the church of St Michael in Louvain
(1650-71), designed by the Jesuit Willem van Hess (1601-90). There,
references to Italian churches (notably the Gesu in Rome) and rich
decoration are combined with an emphasis on height and verticality
which shows the continuing influence of Gothic taste. The houses in
the Grande Place, Brussels, most of which were designed by Guillaume
de Bruyn (1649-1719), have exuberant exterior decoration grafted
onto a more traditional and deeply rooted Flemish style.
François d'Aguilon (also
d'Aguillon or in Latin Franciscus Aguilonius) (4 January
1567, Brussels – 20 March 1617, Tournai), was a Belgian
Jesuit mathematician, physicist and architect.
He became a Jesuit in 1586. In 1611, he started a
special school of mathematics, in Antwerp, which
intended to perpetuate the mathematical research and
study in the Jesuit society. This school produced
geometers like André Tacquet and Jean Charles della
Faille.
Illustration by Rubens for "Opticorum libri sex
philosophis juxta ac mathematicis utiles", by François
d'Aiguillon. It demonstrates how the projection is
computed.His book, Opticorum Libri Sex philosophis juxta
ac mathematicis utiles (Six Books of Optics, useful for
philosophers and mathematicians alike), published in
Antwerp in 1613, was illustrated by famous painter Peter
Paul Rubens. It was notable for containing the
principles of the stereographic and the orthographic
projections, and it inspired the works of Desargues and
Christiaan Huygens.
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Franciscus Aguillon and Pieter Huyssens
St Ignatius, now St Charles Borromeo,
interior, Antwerp
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Jesuit Willem van Hess and Jan Steen
Jesus Church (now St Michael's),
fasade, Louvain
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Pieter Huyssens
Church of St.Charles Borromeo, Antwerp
1615-1623
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